Primitive Data Types

Primitive Data Types

• Primitive data types are the main built-in types, and could be used to build other data types.

Type	Description	Declaration	Naming Conventions
Variables	A name given to a storage location in memory	int number; int Number = 1;	CamelCase
Constants	An immutable value (cannot be changed)	const float pi = 3.14f;	PascalCase
Real Numbers	To declare numerical value	float number = 1.2f; decimal number = 1.2m;	CamelCase

Primitive Types:

Type	C# Type	.NET Type	Bytes	Range
Integral Numbers	byte	Byte	1	0 to 255
	short	Int16	2	-32,768 to 32,767
	int	Int32	4	-2.1B to 2.1B
	long	Int64	8	�
Real Numbers	float	Single	4	-3.4 x 10-38 to 3.4 x 10-38
	double	Double	8	�
	decimal	Decimal	16	-7.9x10-28 to 7.9x10-28
Character	char	Char	2	Unicode Characters
Boolean	bool	Boolean	1	True/False

Common Terms

1. Overflowing
   • Overflow is an operation that occurs when a calculation produces a result that is greater in magnitude than that which a given register or storage location can store or represent.
2. Scope
   • Scope is where a constant or variable has meaning.

Type Conversion:

• A conversion of data type can be performed based on type compatibility and data compatibilty.

Conversion Type	Description	Example
Implicit Conversion	The compiler will make conversion	int i = 1; Int b = i;
Explicit Conversion	We ask the compiler to convert the data type	int i = 1; byte b = (byte) i;
Non-Compatible Conversion	Some data types cannot be converted into one another	var stringvariable = “1234”; byte b = Convert.ToByte(stringvariable);

Type Conversion Methods

| Method | Description | Syntax | | —— | ———– | —— | | Parsing | Used to convert string type date to primitive value type. | Console.Write(“Enter any number : “);
var number = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
Console.WriteLine($”You have entered : {number}”); | | ConvertClass | Used to convert one primitive type to another type. | string num = “23”;
int number = Convert.ToInt32(num); | | Explicit Cast Operator() | Used with non-primitive types to up level or down level casting | int num1, num2;
float avg;
num1 = 10;
num2 = 21;
avg = (float)(num1 + num2) / 2;
Console.WriteLine($”average is : {avg}”); |

Data Types - Value and Reference Type

Value Type	Reference Type
Fixed in size	Not fixed in size
Value types are stored in stack	Reference types are stored in managed heap
Actual values of data are stored in stack	A reference to the heap is stored in stack
If you assign a value of a variable to another, it will create two copies.	If you assign a value of a varaible to another, it will refer to the same copy
Example: All Primitive Data types (except string and object), struct and enum	Example: string, object, class, interface and delegate

Operators

| Operator Type | Operator | Syntax | | ————- | ——– | —— | | Arithmetic Operators | Add + | a + b | | | Subtract - | a - b | | | Multiply * | a * b | | | Divide / | a / b | | | Remainder % | a % b | | | Increment ++ | a++ | | | Decrement – | a– | | Comparison Operators | Equal == | a == b | | | Not Equal != | a != b | | | Greater than > | a > b | | | Greater than or equal to >= | a >= b | | | Less than < | a < b | | | Less than or equal to <= | a <= b | | Assignment Operators | Assignment = | a = 2 | | | Addition Assignment += | a += 3 is same as a = a + 3 | | | Subtraction Assignment -= | a -= 3 is same as a = a - 3 | | | Multiplication Assignment *= | a *= 3 is same as a = a * 3 | | | Division Assignment /= | a /= 3 is same as a = a / 3 | | Logical Operators | And && | a < 5 && b > 2 | | | Or || | a < 5 || b > 2 | | | Not ! | !(a < 5 && b > 2) | | Bitwise Operators | And & | (a & b) | | | Or | | (a | b) | | | XOR ^ | (a ^ b) | | | Complement ~ | (~a ) | | | Left Shift « | (a « 2)| | | Right Shift » | (a » 2) |